客家話裏面有很多帶“bǒt”的俗語，例如“bǒt大冷”。其實“bǒ就是發字在唐代流傳下來的發音。我們在這一集中，通過比賽介紹一些帶“bǒt”的俗語和它們 的意思。 There are a lot of proverbs in Hakka which contains the syllable “bǒt”, such as “bǒt tài láng”. Actually this “bǒt” is the pronunciation of "發" inthe Tang Dynasty. In this video, we introduce these proverbs and their meanings in the form of a quiz.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #蓮澳 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 蓮澳座落在大埔南面約2公里，大帽山的北麓上，曾經是一個魚米之鄉。 隨着社會的發展，村民逐漸離開交通不便的家鄉，到市區或外面發展。現在我們聽聽村長細說他的童年回憶。 Lin O lies on the northern slope of Tai Mo Shan, just about 2km south of Taipo. It was fertile and productive in the past. Because of the social development, the villagers gradually left their romote homeland to the city or even abroad. In this video, the village head and representatives tell us their childhood memories.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #茂草岩 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #mautsongam #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 茂草岩村是西貢半島飛鵝山附近的村莊。它雖然屬於沙田區，但卻沒有公路跟沙田連結，要由西貢或九龍的山路前往。由於地理偏僻，加上氣溫較低，農產不很理想，村民過去的日子都不很好，大部分村民已經移民或遷出，但留下來的卻享受這裏比較清涼的天氣。 Mau Tso Ngan lies near Fei Ngo Shan on the Sai Kung Peninsula. Although it belongs to the Shatin District, it is not linked to Shatin with roads, but only accessible through Kowloon or Sai Kung. Because of its remote geographical location and lower temperature, the farming life was harsch because of the poor yield. Most villagers migrated or moved into the city, yet a few eldery villagers enjoy their retirement here because of the cooler climate.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #火炭村 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #fotan #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 火炭村位於吐露港的海邊，也是九廣鐵路通過的地方。上個世紀60年代起，火炭已經開始發展，逐漸擺脫了原來的鄉村面貌。但它卻要在1985年才能有以特屬於自己的火車站。在過去一段日子裏，村明都要步行去沙田站才能出去市區。 Fo Tan lies on the seaside of the Tolo Harbour, which is passed through by the Kowloon-Canton Railway. Starting from the 19560s, it gradually changed it's village scenery. However, the village got its own station only in 1985,. This means that for a long time in the past, the villagers had to walk to Shatin Station to get on the train.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #萬屋邊村 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #manukpinvillage #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 萬屋邊在沙頭角南部，毗鄰粉嶺，有豐富的水源和肥沃的土地，過去曾經是一個富庶的農村。但在上個世紀50年代以後，村民爲了謀求更美好的生活，大部分已經移民。由於環境優美，加上村民很友善，吸引了不少外籍人士前來居住，連過年的慶祝活動也有很豐富的西方元素。 Man UK Pin lies in the Southern part of Sha Tau Kok adjacent to Fanling. It has plentiful water and fertile land, which makes it a rich village in the past. However, starting from the 1950s, most villagers moved abroad to look for better life. As the environment is ideal and the villagers are friendly, it attracts many foreigners to live here. Because of this, the CNY celebration even includes Western culture elements.

客家大學堂舉辦了本年第一次的客家村導賞活動，目的地是谷埔。這次的參加者是香港大學學生會歷史系系會的同學。通過這次活動，他們看到香港東北部客家村的過去，深入認識歷史。

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #客家大學堂 #客家名城 #hakkastudies #hakka #hakkatraditons #hakkafamousplaces Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 龍南市位於江西省最南端，毗鄰廣東，有客家圍屋之鄉的美譽；環境優美，風景秀麗。境內有客家圍屋、世界客家民俗文化城（世客圍）、小武當山，陽明心谷等名勝。龍南交通很方便，從深圳羅湖坐高鐵，兩個小時內便可到達。 Longnan lies in the southernmost tip of Jiangxi Priovnce, just adjacent to Guangdong. It is named as the home of enclosed houses in China. It has very beautiful environment and excellent scenery. The major tourist attractions are the enclosed houses, World Hakka Folk Culture Park (Shikewei), Xiao Wudangshan, Yangming Xin-gu. Longnan is easy to reach from Luohu, Shenzhen with the high speed rail in less than two hours.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 客家大戰是我們新推出的問答遊戲節目，用遊戲形式介紹客家話的說法。內容生動有趣，讓觀衆可以輕鬆學到日常的客家話。第一集是有關親屬關係的説法。 有關的問答內容可參看本人在2021年撰寫的《香港客家話研究》，香港中華書局出版。 The Hakka Quiz is our new game to introduce and promote the use of Hakka glosses. The content is lively and interesting so that the audience can learn daily Hakka words easily. The first round is asking about family members and relatives. The content of the quiz can be found in my book A study on Hong Kong Hakka, published by Chung Hwa Publishers in Hong Kong. The book is available in Chinese.

#shorts #hakka #hakkastudies #客家 #客家大學堂

#沙頭角 #客家大學堂 #客家人 #保育客家 #shataukok #restrictedarea #hakka #hakkastudies 沙頭角是一個很特別的地方。它是一個跨境的，也是唯一一個在禁區裏面的城鎮。對於大部分的香港人來説，它是一個神秘的地方。今天我去了沙頭角，帶你們去看看沙頭角的過去和現在。 Shataukok is a unique place in Hong Kong. It consists of both the Shenzhen and Hong Kong side, and is an only town in the restricted area. It is mysterious for most people. Today I am going to tell you about the past and the present of Shataukok.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #客家大學堂 #客家名人 #hakkastudies #hakka #hakkatraditons #hakkafamousperson Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 廣東省的大埔縣是著名的客家的華僑之鄉、文化之鄉、陶瓷之鄉、長壽之鄉。我們在這裏會一一屆臊大埔的歷史文化和現狀。 TheTàibù county in Guangdong is a well-known Hakka home for oversea Chinese, culture, porcelainit and longevity in the world. In this video, we introduce to you its past and present so as to give you a full understanding of its history and culture.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家風俗習慣 #環保 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka #environmentalprotection #keeping ducks&chicken Our website : www.hakkastudies.org 我們小時候住在新界客家村，大概是50-60年前，還是非常有鄉村風味的。現在說起養雞養鴨，會引起很多新界上一代人的共鳴。 During our childhood, we lived in Hakka villages in the NT. Around 50-60 years ago, these villages were quite primitive. When we talk about raising ducks and chicken, it recalls the memory of lots of people of our age.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家風俗習慣 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 一個字或者一句話，你不懂客家話怎樣發音？用客家話讀中文字的應用程式面世了，你們要試下嗎？ 輸入中文字，可以選擇男聲或女聲，讀出香港新界客家話的發音。你也可以學到拼音，隨時隨地學到客家話。 這個程式也有圍頭話的。 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.hkilang.tts

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家風俗習慣 #環保 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka #environmentalprotection Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 上世纪50-80年代，香港新界的客家人，無論是否原居民，一般都有5-10個孩子。因此婦女們都只能待在家裏。爲了幫補家計，不少人都會養豬養鷄，一天到晚地忙著，比較大的孩子也要參與勞動。今天我請了我少年時期的朋友，張日華先生來說他家養豬的經歷。 In the 1950-80s, the Hakka people in the NT, Hong Kong usually had 5-10 children, whether they were indigenous inhabitants or not. Therefore the women could only stay at home to take care of their children. In order to generate more income for the family, many of them kept pigs or poultry and were busy all day long. Even the elder children had to participate in the work. Today, I invite my firend, Mr. Cheung, who I knew since we were teens to share his experience about raising pigs.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #正宗客家話 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #authentichakka #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation 很多人都有興趣知道，誰的客家話最正宗? 這個命題跟英語哪裏的最正宗是同類的命題，受到多因素所制約。我們在這裏會解釋一下，你的客家話正宗與否不是你講的腔調，而是你說客家話的態度。 Many people might ask the queston, "Whose Hakka is the most authentic?". This is similar to the question of whose English is the most authentic. Authenticity depends on several factors. We are going to clarify this concept in this episode. Whether your Hakka is authentic or not is not a matter of the accent you speak, but your attitude. our website: hakkastudies.org

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家風俗習慣 #環保 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka #environmentalprotection Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 上一代的客家人的生活非常簡單，沒有電也沒有自來水。他們怎樣生活呢？例如怎樣大小便、怎樣處理垃圾也是現代的子孫無法想象的。我們在這裏介紹了60年代香港新界的客家人簡樸和極環保的生活。 The older Hakka life was extremely simple, with no electricity and no tap water. How could they live? Even how to go to toilet and how to process waste is unimaginable. In this video, we are going to tell you how the Hakka people in the NT led a modest and environmentally friendly life in the 1960s.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家話用途 #客家風俗習慣 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 在古代，農曆七月十五是中元節，本來要來慶祝秋收的，但後來演變爲鬼節。而客家人和廣府人也在七月十四過節。我們在這一集介紹這個節日的由來，並且談及一些香港客家人在1960年代的一些習俗。 In ancient China, the 15th of the sevetn lunar month is the Zhongyuan festival, which was originally for celebrating harvest. However, it became a "Ghost festival" in the course of time. The Hakka and Cantonese people celebrate the festival on the 14th instead. In this video, we'll tell you how this festival originated, and also tell you stories of Hakka in Hong Kong in the1960s,

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家話用途 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka 語言有三個用途。 除了作溝通用途，另外兩個是獨特和不可以替代的，也是我們致力保存客家話的原因，你知道它們是什麽嗎？ A language plays three major roles. Besides the communication role, the other two are unique and irreplaceable? That's why we are dedicated to preserving Hakka. Do you know what their roles are? our website: hakkastudies.org

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #客家大學堂 #保育客家話 #梅州 #hakkastudies #hakka #hakkatraditons #preservinghakka #meizhou 今年五月，我去了一趟世界客都梅州市。梅州市雖然距離香港300多公里，但現在交通很方便。在這一集中，我簡單介紹了梅州市的歷史、地理和旅遊景點供大家參考。 I went to Meizhou city in May 2024. Well known as the capital of Hakka, it is now quite easily accessible from Hong Kong despite a distance of more than 300km. In this video, I am going to introduce the history, geography and the tourist attractions of Meizhou. our website: hakkastudies.org

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #客家大學堂 #推廣客家話 #舞麒麟 #hakkastudies #hakka #hakkatraditons #promotinghakka #kirindance #qilindance Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 在深圳北部的坂田村, 有一個成立於1858年的麒麟隊。我訪問了麒麟隊的師傅，也是這個館的負責人。他告訴我這個麒麟隊的歷史和發展。 There is a qilin team in Bantian Shenzhen, which can be traced back to 1858. I talked to the master of the qilin team, who is in charge of the hall. He tells me the history and development of the Qilin Team.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #客家大學堂 #推廣客家話 #hakkastudies #hakka #hakkatraditons #promotinghakka #tosen Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 今次我訪問了黃嘉俊，一個熱心推廣客家話和客家文化的年青人。但令我大吃一驚的是，他的客家話是在大學期間學的。在訪問中，他詳細告訴我他推廣客家文化的原因及想法。 In this episode, I talk to Tosen Huang, a young guy who is enthusiatic about promoting Hakka culture. What shocks me is that he has learnt to speak Hakka since he was in the college. In this conversation, he tells me what pushes him to promote Hakka culture, and how.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #保育客家 #客家認同 #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #sabah #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 時至今日，客家話的逐漸消亡已經是不爭的事實。就算是在客家話極爲流行的沙巴也不例外。我在這裏尋找了一個還會講客家話的少年，告訴c這裏青少年客家話的使用情況。然後我又找到一個上了年紀的老先生，講述他後悔當年沒有跟小孩講客家話的往事。我希望這些故事能提醒現在爲人父母的客家人，要珍惜我們祖宗的文化遺產，儘量把握機會跟孩子講客家話。 Today, the decline of Hakka is an inevitable fact, even in Sabah where Hakka is dominant. Here I find a youngster who can speak fluent Hakka to tell me the use of Hakka among his peer group. Then I also talk to an elderly man, who regrets to have abandoned Hakka in his family. I hope this video can remind Hakka parents to value our ancestral tongue and try their best to keep on talking to their children in Hakka.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #保育客家 #客家認同 #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #sabah #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation 在沙巴，到處都可以聽到客家話。在這一 集中，我做了一些街頭訪問，發現大部分的華人，不管籍貫是哪裏，都掌握流利的客家話能力。 Our website: www.hakkastudies.org In Sabah, you can hear Hakka everywhere. In this episode, I've interviewed people on the streets. I find that most Chinese, irrespective of their ancestral origin, can master quite fluent Hakka.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #吉隆坡 #保育客家 #客家認同 #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #kualalumpur #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 淡水是個著名的華僑之鄉，是很多香港和馬來西亞客家人的家鄉。在這個影片中，我和我的堂侄子講述了我爺爺兩兄弟，在一百多年前到南洋謀生的經過，以及我侄子一家爲何留在吉隆坡的故事。 Danshui is a fanous homeland for oversea Chinese. It is the hometown for many Hakkas in Hong Kong and Malaysia. In this video, I will talk about the story of how my grandfather and his brother went to Malaysia more than a century ago.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #吉隆坡 #保育客家 #客家認同 #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #kualalumpur #hakka identity #hakka preservation 馬來西亞的華人新村 - 沙登新村是一個很特別的地方。這本來是一個時代的產物，卻意外地集中了本來分散居住的惠州客家人，使這裏充滿了客家文化。 The Chinese New Village (CNV) - Serdang Village in Malaysia is a special place to visit. It was a product of its era, but it accidentally grouped up the Huizhou Hakka people who lived scattered all over the country. This makes the Village full of Hakka culture.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #保育客家 #客家認同 #sabah #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #hakka identity #hakka preservation Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 馬來西亞華人懂得很多種語言,一般人都能說五六種。究竟他們是怎樣做到的呢? 學校是否影響他們的語言能力呢？我們訪問了一所小學， 一所中學，探討一下他們的教育制度。 Malaysian Chinese speak many languages. Ordinary people can speak 5 to 6 kinds. How can they achieve this? Does the school affect their language abilities? We try to look into their education system by visiting a primary school and a secondary school.

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #梁屋村 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #leungukvillage #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website: www.hakkastudies.org

#客家 #客家風俗習慣 #香港客家村 #客家大學堂 #蓮麻坑 #香港原居民 #hakkastudies #tripsinhongkong #hakka #hakkatraditons #hongkonghakkavillages #linmahang #hongkongindigenousinhabitants Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 蓮麻坑位於深圳河上游的邊境地區，是全港唯一的跨境村莊，也有幾個獨特的景點，包括葉定仕故居等、礦洞、“國際橋”等。我們在這個訪問中會介紹與大家分享。 Lin Ma Hang is situated at the border area, the upstream portion of the Shenzhen river. It is the only cross-boundary village in Hong Kong. There are a few places of interest here, such as Ip Ting-Sz's residence, mine cave and "international bridge". We are sharing with you about them in this video.

自古以來，中國人使用農曆，雖然每個月以月亮的公轉週期來計算，但也有以地球公轉來決定的24個節氣，提醒農民季節的時間。我們在這一集中講述24個節氣的分佈和記憶方式。 Chinese people have used the lunar calendar for thousands of years . Each Chinese month is a lunar month. The 24 solar terms are based on the revolution of the earth. These solar terms remind the farmers of the seasons to grow their crops. In this video, we discuss the distribution of the 24 solar terms and suggest how to remember them.

今年是龍年的甲辰年，大家知不知道，“甲辰”是什麼意思呢？原来農曆年是由10個天干和12 個地支组成的，所以有60個組合，而每個年份每60年循環一次。我們在這一集中會詳細介紹。 This year is the year of Loong/ dragon, and the name of the year in Chinese is Jiachen. Do you know the meaning of Jiachen? The name of the year in Chinese is combined by `10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. This gives a total of 60 combinations, so each year appears again every 60 years. This will br explained in the video.

客家大學堂向大家拜年。 Hakka Studies wishes you a good and happy CNY

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #客家話用途 #客家風俗習慣 #hakka #hakkastudies #hakkatraditons #hakkaidentity #hakkapreservation #useofhakka Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 新界的客家人在50-70年代大量移居英國。他們的子女在英國長大，精通英語，但其中不少人仍然記得自己是客家人，而且也有相當部分的 年青人，至今仍說流利的客家話。我們在這一集中跟他們談論了他們的觀點和感受。 The Hakka people in the NT went to live in the UK in large numbers during the 1950-70s. Their children grow up there and speak fluent English. However, many of them identify themselves as Hakka, and a significant part of them speak Hakka fluently. In this video, I talk with them to express their viewpoints and feelings.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #芬蘭 #移民 #保育客家 #客家認同 #sabah #hakka #hakkastudies #finland #hakkatraditons #migration #hakka identity #hakka preservation Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 對於新界客家人來說，芬蘭的確是一個冷門的移民國家。但鄧滿勝先生卻是一個例外。在這個影片中，他介紹了他移民的經過，也講述了他在芬蘭的一些感受。 For Hhakka people in the NT, Finnland is definitely a rare choice to emigrate, but Mr. Tang Moon Shing is an exception. In this video, he tells us about his story of coming to Finland, and also some of his feelings about this country.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #保育客家 #客家認同 #谷埔 #竹坑 #hakka #hakkastudies #Hakkatraditions #Hakkapreservation #hakkaidentity #kukpo #chukhang Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 很多人並不知道香港有超過300個客家村莊。就算是香港市區的居民，就算知道有客家村莊，也有不少人從來沒有去過。這次我接待了兩個來自奧地利的朋友，去探訪了兩個客家村。一個是地處沙頭角的谷埔，一個是交通方便的竹坑，讓他們留下了深刻的印象。 Most people do not know that there are more than 300 Hakka villages in Hong Kong. Even they know that there are Hakka villages nearby, many city dwellers of Hong Kong have never been there. Recently, two friends from Austria visited HK and I took them to two Hakka villages, the first one was Kuk Po in Sha Tau Kok and the second one Chuk hang in Pat Heung. They were really impressed.

#客家 #飲食 #客家大學堂 #洛神花蜜餞 #hakka #food #hakkastudies #roselle preserves 洛神花可以做幾種好吃的東西。你直接用它來泡茶、做果醬、亦可以用來做洛神花蜜餞。 在這集，我們教大家做好吃的蜜餞 We can use roselle calyces to make several things, like tea, jam and preserves. In This episode, we will teach you how to make yummy roselle preserves.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #吉隆坡 #保育客家 #客家認同 #sabah #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #migrants #kualalumpur #hakka identity #hakka preservation Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 從擔任客家話班的老師到參加學生的畢業典禮，我發現馬來西亞的客家人有與別不同的地方：他們有一股強烈的客家認同。究竟這是怎樣做到的呢？我們這一集會探討其中原因。 After being the tutor of the Hakka class and joinging their graduation party, I find out that the Malaysian Hakka people are quite different from other Hakka people in the way that they have a strong sense of Hakka identity. How do they achieve this? In this video, I am going to tell you how they can make it.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #吉隆坡 #榴蓮 #durian #sabah #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #UK #migrants #durian #kualalumpur Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 榴槤是一種深受華人愛戴的熱帶水果，是馬來西亞的一個主要經濟作物。到底榴槤是怎樣種植的呢？有多少個品種呢？馬來西亞的榴槤怎樣與衆不同呢？在這一集中，我去到了一個榴槤種植場，瞭解了這些問題的答案。 Durian is a favorite fruit for many Chinese people . It can be grown only in tropical lands. It is a major economic crop of Malaysia. How is durian grown?IHow many vairieties are there? What is unique in Malaysian Durian? In this episode, I've come to a durian plantation to look for these answers.

#客家 #客家大學堂 #客家傳統 #馬來西亞 #移民 #沙巴 #sabah #hakka #hakkastudies #malaysia #hakkatraditons #UK #migrants Our website: www.hakkastudies.org 沙巴是海外華人中，至今仍以客家話為通用語言的地方。絕大部分的華人在市場、教會聚會甚至在政府機構都說客家話。到底這是怎樣形成的呢？我們在這一集中，會從歷史的角度介紹一下，並指出客家語言文化, 在華語和英語的衝擊下, 正面臨嚴重的危機。 Sabah is the only existing oversea Chinese community that still uses Hakka as a lingua franca among Chinese. Most people are still speaking Hakka in bazaars, church congregations and even in government institutions. In this episode, you will know how this is formed from a historical perspective. However, Hakka in Sabah is facing the impacts from Mandarin and English and is highly endangered nowadays.